Useful For:
Ordering Note: Non-orderable sendout battery included in the GAD65 Ab Assay (Sendout) [RGD65] package.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Female | Male | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age | Range | Age | Range |
0- | 0-0.02 | 0- | 0-0.02 |
Effective date: 06/01/2023
Reference values apply to all ages.
Interpretation:
High titers (> or =20.0 nmol/L) are found in classic stiff-person syndrome (93% positive) and in related autoimmune neurologic disorders (eg, acquired cerebellar ataxia, some acquired non-paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathies).
Diabetic patients with polyendocrine disorders generally have glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody values 0.02 nmol/L or above.
Values in patients who have type 1 diabetes without a polyendocrine or autoimmune neurologic syndrome are usually 0.02 nmol/L or below. Low titers (0.03-19.9 nmol/L) are detectable in the serum of approximately 80% of type 1 diabetic patients. Conversely, low titers are detectable in the serum of less than 5% of patients with type 2 diabetes. Testing for autoimmune type 1 diabetes is complimented by testing for insulin, islet cell (IA-2), and ZnT8 antibodies.
Eight percent of healthy Olmsted County residents over age 50 years have low-positive values and may be at risk for future autoimmune disease.
Values 0.03 nmol/L or above are consistent with susceptibility to autoimmune (type 1) diabetes and related endocrine disorders (thyroiditis and pernicious anemia).
Cautions: Antibodies specific for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) account for most, but not all, antibodies detected in the islet cell antibody test (IA-2). IA-2 (a protein tyrosine kinase-like protein), insulin, and zinc transporter-8 antibodies are complementary islet cell antibodies.
6 mL blood in a RED top tube or GOLD SST
Outside Laboratories: Centrifuge sample and transfer serum to a separate plastic vial. Refrigerate serum while awaiting shipment. Ship sample with a cold pack.
Stability: Refrigerated (preferred): 28 days; Frozen: 28 days; Ambient: 72 hours.
Reject Due To: Gross hemolysis, lipemia, or icterus.
Centrifuge sample and transfer serum to two separate plastic vials. If sample volume is low, prioritize the sendout test (RGAD65).
Sendouts:
Stability: Refrigerated (preferred): 28 days; Frozen: 28 days; Ambient: 72 hours.
Reject Due To: Gross hemolysis, lipemia, or icterus.
Sendout |
Mayo Clinic Laboratories
800-533-1710 200 First Street Southwest |
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Radioimmunoassay (RIA)