Useful For: Evaluating patients with suspected paraneoplastic or other autoimmune movement disorders including patients with ataxia, brainstem encephalitis, chorea, dyskinesias, myoclonus, and parkinsonism using serum specimens. Refer to Autoimmune Encephalitis Testing Recommendations for additional ordering guidance.
Testing Algorithm: Reflex testing may be performed at additional charge. Refer to Mayo's algorithm below.
Patient Preparation:
Ordering Requirements: Laboratory Medicine Resident (LMR) approval is required.
Panel and reflex tests include the following methods: Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), Cell Binding Assay (CBA), Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Immunoblot (IB), Western Blot (WB)
Reference Values:
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole Propionic Acid Receptor (AMPA-R) Antibody CBA: | Negative |
Amphiphysin Antibody: | Negative |
Anti-Glial Nuclear Antibody Type 1 (AGNA-1): | Negative |
Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Antibody Type 1 (ANNA-1): | Negative |
Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Antibody Type 2 (ANNA-2): | Negative |
Anti-Neuronal Nuclear Antibody Type 3 (ANNA-3): | Negative |
Adaptor Protein 3 Beta2 (AP3B2) Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Contactin-Associated Protein-Like-2 (CASPR2) IgG Antibody CBA: | Negative |
Collapsin Response-Mediator Protein-5 (CRMP-5) IgG WB: | Negative |
Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase-Like Protein 6 (DPPX) Antibody CBA: | Negative |
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Type B (GABA-B-R) Antibody CBA: | Negative |
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD65) Antibody Assay: | < or =0.02 nmol/L |
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Antibody IFA: | Negative |
GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase-1 (GRAF1) IFA: | Negative |
IgLON Family Member 5 (IgLON5) Antibody CBA: | Negative |
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Kelch-Like Protein 11 (KLHL11) Antibody CBA: | Negative |
Leucine-Rich Glioma Inactivated Protein-1 IgG (LGI1) Antibody CBA: | Negative |
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (mGluR1) Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Neurochondrin Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Neuronal Intermediate Filament (NIF) Antibody IFA: | Negative |
N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDA-R) Antibody CBA: | Negative |
P/Q-Type Calcium Channel Antibody: | Negative |
Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Antibody Type Tr (PCA-Tr): | Negative |
Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Antibody Type 1 (PCA-1): | Negative |
Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Antibody Type 2 (PCA-2): | Negative |
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Septin-5 Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Septin-7 Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Tripartite Motif-containing Protein 46 (TRIM46) Antibody IFA: | Negative |
Note: Includes reference values for panel tests only.
Interpretation: A positive antibody result is consistent with a diagnosis of an autoimmune movement disorder. A search for cancer may be indicated, depending on the antibody profile. A trial of immune therapy may bring about improvement in neurological symptoms.
Cautions:
A negative antibody test result does not exclude an autoimmune movement disorder.
Corticosteroid treatment prior to the serum collection may cause a false-negative result.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment prior to the serum collection may cause a false-positive result.
Collect 12 mL blood in RED TOP tube or GOLD SST
Outside Laboratories: Centrifuge sample and transfer serum to a separate plastic vial. Refrigerate serum.
Stability: Refrigerated (preferred): 28 days; Frozen: 28 days; Ambient: 72 hours.
Reject Due To: Gross hemolysis, lipemia, or icterus.
Centrifuge sample and transfer serum to a separate plastic vial. Refrigerate serum.
Login: SEND1-;REFRIG
Sendouts:
Stability: Refrigerated (preferred): 28 days; Frozen: 28 days; Ambient: 72 hours.
Reject Due To: Gross hemolysis, lipemia, or icterus.
Sendout |
Mayo Clinic Laboratories
800-533-1710 200 First Street Southwest |
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CPTs: 86596, 86255x26, 84182, 86341, 0432U